Operating Safely in a More Complex Baltic

At the same time, the operating environment is becoming more complex. Geopolitical developments are affecting predictability, with changes in traffic patterns, port operations, and security requirements. As a result, there is a growing need for heightened awareness and caution. Other forms of disruption are also becoming more frequent, one example being GNSS disturbances.

Safe Navigation

Bridge operations rely on multiple integrated systems and digital inputs that enable key navigational functions supporting situational awareness and decision-making.

In the current operating environment, the increasing occurrence of GNSS disturbances introduces a higher level of uncertainty in positioning information. This requires greater scrutiny, as well as more consistent verification and cross-checking.

Such disruptions serve as a reminder that navigational inputs may be unexpectedly degraded, unavailable, or inconsistent. Safe navigation therefore continues to depend on the use of multiple sources of information and the application of good seamanship.

At the same time, other developments may also directly affect navigational safety and operational continuity. These include the presence of vessels operating outside normal regulatory and insurance frameworks, where standards of operation and behaviour may be less predictable; disruption to traffic and port operations due to external activity, such as drones; and the risk of cyber incidents affecting the availability or integrity of critical information.

Preparedness in a Changing Environment

In parallel to these challenges, the maritime sector is also managing additional pressures, including environmental transition, ongoing regulatory development, and evolving operational requirements.

This creates a situation where complex long-term planning must take place alongside the need for continuous short-term adaptation. As a result, preparedness becomes an increasingly important capability, both on board and ashore.

Safe and continuous operations depend on the ability to quickly recognise changing conditions, operate safely with degraded or uncertain information, and adapt plans as situations develop.

Recommendations

To support safe and resilient operations in the current environment, the following should be considered:

• Maintain a critical approach to navigational inputs
  Cross-check positioning data using all available means. Remain alert to signs of GNSS disruption, such as unexpected position shifts or inconsistencies between systems and visual observations. Regularly practise operating without GNSS input.
• Recognise changes in vessel behaviour
  Unusual movement patterns, lack of response, or inconsistencies in AIS information should be treated with increased caution, particularly where behaviour appears unpredictable.
• Ensure resilience of information flows
  Be prepared to operate in situations where digital systems, communications, or data availability are disrupted, including as a result of cyber incidents.
• Maintain preparedness for disruption
  Ensure contingency plans are in place for a range of disruptions, including impacts to traffic and port operations, and the loss or degradation of critical information and systems.